The effect of mangosteen peel compositions as reinforcement components on resin-based brake pad performance with computational bibliometric mapping analysis

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the composition of mangosteen peels mangosteen peel particles as a reinforcing component in resin-based brake pads. The manufacture of a brake pad is done by mixing mangosteen peel particles with resin (bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin, and cyclo aliphatic amine (1:1 ratio). Mangosteen rind has a high carbon fiber content as a reinforcing material. Mangosteen rind particles, liquid resin, and hardener were mixed in various ratios of 10:5:5 (MA), 8:5:5 (MB), 6:5:5 (MC), and 4:5:5 (MD). The physical properties and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the friction coefficient of the brake pads made from MA, MB, and MC were 0.69×10^-5, 0.68×10^-5, and 0.67×10^-5, respectively. MD specimens do not allow friction tests due to their highly elastic properties. MA has the lowest wear rate of 0.64, the maximum friction coefficient of 0.69, and the highest hardness level based on mechanical tests. MA specimens have the best ratio of resin to mangosteen peel mixture. This is because, the more the number of mangosteen rind particles used, the harder the brake pads will be. Materials with higher hardness have less mass loss and a higher coefficient of friction. The completion of the research shows that mangosteen peel has a high enough effect as an environmentally friendly brake pads reinforcement material.