This book provides a dynamic overview of multidisciplinary research in science of nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires, carbon nanostructures, nanoporous materials, nanofibers, nanocomposites, nanofluids, nanostructured bulk materials, films and coatings. In twelve chapters, Nanoscience covers a wide range of topics in this rapidly growing field, with the primary focus placed on fundamental relationships between the structural features of various nanomaterials and their remarkable properties. Also, a special attention is paid to nanomaterials fabrication methods and experimental techniques for characterization of nanostructures and examination of their properties