Scientific research and exploratory work on the creation of new technologies are continuing, the purpose of which is to increase the level of mechanical and high temperature properties of materials. A multicomponent carbon composite material (MCСM) containing silicon nitride and oxynitride was synthesized by the method of sequential stepwise high-energy mechanochemical treatment (MCТ) and isothermal annealing at 1100 °C of powder mixtures of Taunite-M, silicon, g-C3N4 phase and melamine. Using X-ray diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, it was proved that β-Si3N4 and Si2N2O phases are present in the MCСM. Their crystallographic characteristics and crystal lattice parameters were determined. A crystal chemical explanation of the formation and stability of these phases in the realized synthesis is proposed. The synthesized МССМ is a promising material for high-temperature heat-resistant ceramics.