A description of the technology for manufacturing composites with increased wear resistance based on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is given. The composites were obtained by introducing mechanically activated layered silicates (kaolinite, serpentine, bentonite) and magnesium spinel as fillers. The main results of the study on wear resistance, structure and chemical composition of the friction surface using electronic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy and mechanical test data are presented, including families of tensile-to-failure curves at different strain rates, loading and unloading curves at different rates, and creep and recovery curves for different stress levels obtained in tests of pure PTFE and six PTFE composites particulate-filled with serpentine and magnesium spinel with a mass fraction ranging from 1 to 5 %. A primary analysis of materials loading history dependence was carried out, in particular: strain rate sensitivity, ability to flow under constant stress, deformability resource and ability to recover after unloading, and the influence of the composition, condition and proportion of fillers. The basic characteristics of materials have been determined: instantaneous modulus, yield strength, stress and strain at failure depending on the loading rate, etc. After examination using a scanning electron microscope, changes in the microstructure of PTFE and composites with different filler contents in the destruction zones of the samples were studied (compared to the original structure). When analyzing the accumulated volume of experimental data, high deformability of materials, pronounced loading history dependence, the ability of materials to creep (flow) under constant load and accumulate irreversible (plastic) strain, very high strain rate sensitivity, and a strong influence of small amounts of fillers on the structure and mechanical properties were discovered. Although the wear resistance of the studied composites is significantly higher than pure polytetrafluoroethylene (about 2000 times), their stress-strain curves are qualitatively little different from the PTFE curves: all curves have a long yield plateau and a hardening stage after it, stress increases with increasing tensile speed, and the tensile strength much less dependent on strain rate than the yield strength and strain at failure. An interesting physical effect is observed in load-unloading tests for sufficiently large given upper stress: a noticeable increase in strain continues at the initial stage of unloading and the maximum strain lags behind the loading peak. This "‎inertial" effect indicates a pronounced memory of the loading history and is observed both in pure PTFE and in all tested composites based on it.