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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="ru">
  <front xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="elibrary">https://www.elibrary.ru/title_about_new.asp?i</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Materials physics and mechanics</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Механика и физика материалов</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1605-8119</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18149/MPM.5352025_6</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fabrication and characterization of zinc nitrate doped TiO2 nanotubes for dye-sensitized solar cells</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Fabrication and characterization of zinc nitrate doped TiO2 nanotubes for dye-sensitized solar cells</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Samran</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timah</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Phatungthane</surname>
            <given-names>T.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Thongpanit</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kadroon</surname>
            <given-names>B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Photharin</surname>
            <given-names>S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chaiwichian</surname>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Nakhon Phanom University</aff>
      <aff id="aff2">Trinity International School</aff>
      <aff id="aff3">Kasetsart University</aff>
      <aff id="aff4">Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakonnakhon Campus</aff>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>53</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>83</fpage>
      <lpage>89</lpage>
      <self-uri xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://mpm.spbstu.ru/userfiles/files/Vol%2053%20No%205/6_chaiwichian_s_et_al.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Zinc-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes were successfully synthesized, characterized, and tested as materials for energy conversion in dye-sensitized solar cells. The TiO2 nanotubes were grown through single-face anodization at a constant direct current voltage of 50 V and room temperature on titanium sheets with a thickness of 0.25 mm and purity of 99.7 %. The electrolyte was composed of ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride (0.3 % wt. NH4F), and deionized water (2 % v/v H2O). The titania nanotubes were doped with Zn using Zn(NO3)2 as the dopant source. The molar ratios of zinc nitrate were varied from 1, 3, 5, and 7 mM. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (techniques were employed to characterize the Zn-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes. The samples were then tested in dye-sensitized solar cells, and their photoelectric conversion efficiencies were calculated. As a result, amorphous-TiO2 structure was transformed into the crystalline anatase phase after annealing. The best performance was observed for the 5 mM zinc nitrate sample, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.96 % and an energy band gap of 3.18 eV. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for ongoing and future studies in the development of renewable energy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>renewable energy</kwd>
        <kwd>DSSCs</kwd>
        <kwd>TiO2 nanotubes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
