This paper presents the findings of the numerical simulation of conventional drawing, free torsion and drawing with shear, as well as the structural studies of deformed billets fabricated of low-carbon steel. The non-uniform severe deformation distribution observed in the model corresponds principally to actual physical experiments with similar parameters of structural inhomogeneity. It has been found that the diffusion processes of dissolution of the initial dispersed cementite particles and formation of new ones become essentially more active. The microhardness of Steel 10 rod surface layer therewith increases up to ~ 7000 MPa.