The information about the effect of the plastic deformation mechanism on the formation of the sub-microcrystalline structure of steels is reported. It is shown that the development of the new technological schemes for metal forming with severe alternating deformation is promising. A rolling method by two passes, which provides severe alternating deformation with minor changes of the billet dimensions is proposed. The results of computer simulation showed that with the use of new rolling method the uniformity of deformation along the height and the value of the deformation degree in the plane of symmetry of the billet are increased.