Surface modification by laser cladding: state-of-the-art and future prospects

Laser surface modification is an advanced technique utilized for the creation of robust coatings on substrates by melting and fusing pre-placed or blown powder materials. In some instances, multiple coatings are applied to achieve intricate geometries. This method serves the purpose of enhancing substrate surface properties and rectifying surface imperfections. Over the past three decades, laser surface modification has garnered significant attention due to its capacity to process a wide range of materials, because of its high energy density and rapid cooling capabilities. Researchers have extensively explored scientific aspects, including the clad-substrate inter-face, microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and tribological characteristics of deposited materials, as well as their practical applications. This article primarily focuses on the application of laser surface modification to various substrates using suitable cladding materials. Furthermore, it delves into the survey of modification parameters, such as microstructural refinement, mechanical attributes, and tribological performance, as investigated by previous scholars. Additionally, this article presents the findings of past research endeavors and offers insights into potential avenues for future investigations within the realm of laser surface modification.